Reducing car ownership, the use of personally owned modes, car use, energy consumption and pollution In general, the following virtuous impacts may be associated to MaaS concept: Overall, MaaS application allows to optimize a trip for transit factors such as convenience, carbon emissions, and reliability. In particular, also according to, “MaaS is a user-centric, intelligent mobility distribution model in which all mobility service providers’ offerings are aggregated by a sole mobility provider, the MaaS provider and supplied to users through a single digital platform”. MaaS can be considered as a tool to improve users’ mobility and, as stated by “MaaS provides an alternative way to move more people and goods in a way that is faster, cleaner, and less expensive than current options”. A pilot survey shows the relevance of some real-time factors, and corroborates the hypothesized adaptive mode choice behaviour in both recurrent and occasional trip scenarios. It will be illustrated a two-level mode choice decision architecture, which captures the influence of real-time events and travellers’ adaptive behaviour. This chapter aims to propose an introduction to MaaS, a literature review on mode choice paradigms, then it proposes a novel behavioural concept referred to as the hypermode.

These real-time factors are insufficiently captured by existing mode choice models. Some of the real-time factors that affect mode choices include availability of shared vehicles, real-time passenger information, unexpected disruptions, and weather. However, this approach is now challenged by the widely distributed, multi-sourced, and heterogeneous travel information made available in real time through information and communication technologies (ICT), especially in the presence of a variety of available mode options in dense urban areas. Traditional studies on mode choices typically treat travellers’ decision-making processes as planned behaviour. In this context, the understanding and prediction of travellers’ mode choices is crucial not only for the effective management of multimodal transport networks, but also successful implementation of new transport schemes. Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is becoming a “fashionable” solution to increase transport users’ satisfaction and accessibility, by providing new services obtained by optimally integrating sustainable modes, but also guaranteeing mass transport and less sustainable modes, guaranteeing fast and lean access/egress to the mass transport.

Book of travels mode